Extra Credit is video series that examines topics related to history in the Thunder Bay District and exploring that history.
The second instalment in this sub-series on the Pigeon River Lumber Company takes us, ironically, to the Pigeon River. Once home to great stands of white and red pines, this area was where the company first started harvesting logs for its sawmill in what would become the city of Thunder Bay. The hiking trail takes us from the visitor information centre near the border crossing along the rim of the Pigeon River Valley to High Falls, where a dam and sluiceway or chute were constructed to allow the logs to bypass the 120 foot/37 metre high falls. Here we explore the remnants of the log chute and take in the beauty of river and the surrounding area.
The Gunflint and Lake Superior Railroad was a logging line operated by the Pigeon River Lumber Company from 1902 to 1909. It connected to the Canadian Northern Railway Duluth Extension/North Lake Subdivision (ex-Port Arthur, Duluth and Western Railway) at Milepost 79. It travelled six miles from the Ontario side of Gunflint Lake into Minnesota passing Crab and Whisker Lakes to near Topper Lake.
This video covers the northern end of the corduroy trestle and embankment as the grade then passes through a 330-foot rock cut on the ridges south of Gunflint Lake beside the Crab River and Bridal Falls. The gradient here is steep, over 10 percent, which necessitated the use of a Shay locomotive.
The Gunflint and Lake Superior Railroad was a logging line operated by the Pigeon River Lumber Company from 1902 to 1909. It connected to the Canadian Northern Railway Duluth Extension/North Lake Subdivision (ex-Port Arthur, Duluth and Western Railway) at Milepost 79. It travelled six miles from the Ontario side of Gunflint Lake into Minnesota passing Crab and Whisker Lakes to near Topper Lake.
This video covers the approaches and the remains of a former large corduroy wood trestle that was used by the line to climb the ridges south of Gunflint Lake. It was damaged in a 1999 windstorm and then burned by the 2007 Ham Lake Fire. The logs continued to smolder throughout the winter, so in March 2008 the US Forest Service was forced to dynamite the trestle to extinguish the fire. Be sure to view the 1997 video to see what it looked like before its demise Gunflint & Lake Superior Railroad MP 2.4-2.5 (Corduroy Trestle 1997) https://youtu.be/nHhwDx3yLWw
The Gunflint and Lake Superior Railroad was a logging line operated by the Pigeon River Lumber Company from 1902 to 1909. It connected to the Canadian Northern Railway Duluth Extension/North Lake Subdivision (ex-Port Arthur, Duluth and Western Railway) at Milepost 79. It travelled six miles from the Ontario side of Gunflint Lake into Minnesota passing Crab and Whisker Lakes to near Topper Lake.
This video covers the large corduroy wood trestle that was used by the line to climb the ridges south of Gunflint Lake. Extending the line in 1904, the logging company had to cross a valley without expending large sums of money. The structure they built, likely in the winter of 1904-1905, was probably one of the most unique rail trestles in all of North America and lasted 103 years. This is the only known video of the trestle before its demise as a result of the 2007 Ham Lake Fire.
The Gunflint and Lake Superior Railroad was a logging line operated by the Pigeon River Lumber Company from 1902 to 1909. It connected to the Canadian Northern Railway Duluth Extension/North Lake Subdivision (ex-Port Arthur, Duluth and Western Railway) at Milepost 79. It travelled six miles from the Ontario side of Gunflint Lake into Minnesota passing Crab and Whisker Lakes to near Topper Lake.
This video covers where the railroad leaves a flooded area and proceeds to the southwest on the south side of a large ridge on the southeast side of Gunflint Lake. In two places a few rails remain in place, one of which contains double rails and parts of a junction, indicating that there was a siding in the area.
The Gunflint and Lake Superior Railroad was a logging line operated by the Pigeon River Lumber Company from 1902 to 1909. It connected to the Canadian Northern Railway Duluth Extension/North Lake Subdivision (ex-Port Arthur, Duluth and Western Railway) at Milepost 79. It travelled six miles from the Ontario side of Gunflint Lake into Minnesota passing Crab and Whisker Lakes to near Topper Lake.
This video covers the grade just northwest and at one of the two logging camps on the line, Camp 4 on Gunflint Lake. Features rock cuts, telegraph wire and rails.
The Gunflint and Lake Superior Railroad was a logging line operated by the Pigeon River Lumber Company from 1902 to 1909. It connected to the Canadian Northern Railway Duluth Extension/North Lake Subdivision (ex-Port Arthur, Duluth and Western Railway) at Milepost 79. It travelled six miles from the Ontario side of Gunflint Lake into Minnesota passing Crab and Whisker Lakes to near Topper Lake.
This video covers the area where the railroad crosses a small creek beside Gunflint Lake with corduroyed logs and bridge cribs that are still visible as well as a short section to the southwest. *Please note that removing artifacts from federal lands is prohibited by law.
The Gunflint and Lake Superior Railroad was a logging line operated by the Pigeon River Lumber Company from 1902 to 1909. It connected to the Canadian Northern Railway Duluth Extension/North Lake Subdivision (ex-Port Arthur, Duluth and Western Railway) at Milepost 79. It travelled six miles from the Ontario side of Gunflint Lake into Minnesota passing Crab and Whisker Lakes to near Topper Lake.
This video covers the 300 metre section from south of the international crossing to a creek crossing, and includes corduroyed logs and rock cuts on Gunflint Lake.
This is the story of one of the most unusual rail lines in North America.
In 1902, the Pigeon River Lumber Company, a Wisconsin company based in Port Arthur (now Thunder Bay), Ontario, acquired some timber limits in Minnesota near the International Boundary. The company had been logging along the boundary further to the east near Lake Superior since its incorporation in 1900.
To facilitate the logging, a small railroad was built in Minnesota, eventually reaching 6 miles in length. It connected to the Canadian Northern Railway Duluth Extension (formerly the Port Arthur, Duluth and Western Railway), a line completed in 1893 with the intention of reaching Duluth, Minnesota and accessing iron deposits in the area, both of which failed. For seven years, until 1909, hundreds of thousands of logs were hauled the 80+ miles to the company’s sawmill in Port Arthur and thus created one of the most unique rail operations in North American history. A logging railroad, with no US terminus and only accessible through Canada, hauling logs cut in Minnesota across the border to be processed in an Ontario sawmill.
Sadly, there are no known photos of the railroad or logging operations. The International Boundary Commission map below shows the first two miles of the railroad down the east side of Gunflint Lake while the photo, taken by photographer George Shiras III, shows the American customs facilities approximately 10 years after the logging ceased.
This map shows the the route of the G & LS from the branch with the Duluth Extension to Crab Lake.US Customs House, circa 1919-1920 (G. Shiras III).
Video of the former Canadian Northern Railway/CN-Kinghorn (Dorion) Subdivision (MP 177.3-181.9) at Amethyst Harbour, ON. Features the grade west of Sibley/Amethyst Station between Crystal Road and Mackenzie Beach Road with cuttings, culverts, rock cuts and old logging spurs.